No one contests that Herzl’s Zionism is a Jewish ethno-nationalist movement. This paper will go back to the roots of Zionism at the end of the 19th century, and determine whether Israel is ‘just’ moving towards apartheid (both in Israel and in the oPT) as many believe, or has been designed to be an apartheid state from day one, based on the essential Zionist ideology as articulated by its founders. This paper will analyze the impact of race theories on Zionism, and will also track emerging views among Israeli liberal thinkers, to determine whether/how a post Zionism, future, one free of racism is possible.
